Zininzi izizathu zokuba kutheni umntwana angazalwa engeva. Ngaphandle kwezinto ezinofuzo, ngexesha lokukhulelwa ezinye iingxaki okanye ukuziphatha kunokubangela olu hlobo lokungeva kakuhle kumntwana. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba umama okhulelweyo udla amayeza e-ototoxic okanye izifo ezinje irubella, iToxoplasmosis okanye a umkhuhlane kakhulu, umntwana usenokuba sisithulu. Ezi zinto ziyaqatshelwa ukuba zibonakalisa umngcipheko omkhulu kwinkqubo yokuva xa umntwana engekazalwa.
Iimbangela zokungeva kwiintsana ezisanda kuzalwa
Ngexesha lokubeleka, ukuxinezeleka komntwana okanye ukukhula kwangaphambi kwexesha zizinto ezinobungozi kunye nokuzalwa ixesha elide kunokubangela ukuba umntwana abe sisithulu. Noko ke, inxalenye ebalulekileyo yobuthulu abazalwa nayo inemvelaphi yelifa. Enyanisweni, ngokutsho kolunye uphando, ubuncinane i-50% yeemeko zokungeva kwiintsana ezisanda kuzalwa zinezizathu yemfuza. Zisenokudityaniswa neesyndromes ezifana no-Usher okanye iWaardenburg.
Emva kokuzalwa, ezinye iipathologies zinokuchaphazela inkqubo yokuva yomntwana. I imidiya ye-otitis phinda-phinda iimps, i imasisi kwaye ngakumbi i i-meningitis, zizifo ezinokonakalisa kakhulu indlebe engaphakathi ukuba azilawulwa kakuhle. Ukongeza koku, amayeza athile (abizwa ngokuba yi-ototoxic drug) anokuphazamisa ukuva komntwana, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba ulumke usebenzisa amayeza athile okubulala iintsholongwane.
Ukuxilongwa kwangoko kokungeva kwabantwana abasanda kuzalwa
Nangona ezinye iingcali zithi ubuthulu bubonakala ngokulula ukususela kwiminyaka emi-2 okanye emi-3 ubudala, inyaniso ikukuba kwiimeko ezininzi ubuthulu ebuntwaneni Inokufunyaniswa ngeentsuku zokuqala zobomi. Oku kunokwenzeka ngovavanyo olulodwa olwenziwa kuzo zonke izibhedlele.
Iimvakalelo ze-Otoacoustic (OAS): Olu vavanyo lwenziwa rhoqo kwiintsana ezisanda kuzalwa. Yindlela engeyiyo evavanya impendulo ye-cochlea (inxalenye yangaphakathi yendlebe) xa ikhuthazwa ngesandi. Ukuba umntwana akaphenduli ngokwaneleyo, kuya kufuneka uviwo olucokisekileyo.
Enye indlela esetyenziswayo luvandlakanyo lwe I-brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP), elinganisa iimpendulo zombane zenkqubo yokuphicotha ephakathi. Olu vavanyo lubaluleke kakhulu kuba lusivumela ukuba sichonge ukuxilongwa kwangoko kwalo naluphi na utshintsho lokuva kwinqanaba le-neurosensory.
Ukuxilongwa kwangoko ngundoqo ekuphepheni iziphumo zexesha elide ekukhuleni komntwana. Ukuba ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe kufunyenwe ngaphambi kweenyanga ezi-6 ubudala kwaye unyango luqala ngokukhawuleza, ukukhula kwengqondo, intlalo kunye neemvakalelo zomntwana kuququzelelwe, kunye nokukwazi kwabo ukufumana ulwimi lomlomo, olunokuthi lube sengozini kakhulu.
Iimpawu ezilumkisayo kwiinyanga zokuqala
Kubalulekile ukuba abazali banikele ingqalelo kwizinto ezithile iimpawu zokuqala yobuthulu. Kwiinyanga ezintandathu zokuqala zobomi, iintsana zidla ngokusabela ngokwemvelo kwizivuseleli zesandi. Ukuba oku akwenzeki, kunokwenzeka ukuba umntwana unengxaki yokungeva kakuhle:
- Kwiinyanga ezi-3, umntwana kufuneka asabele kwizandi eziphezulu kwaye atshintshe ukuziphatha kwakhe okanye ukubonakala kobuso xa eva ilizwi likanina.
- Malunga neenyanga ezi-6, abantwana badla ngokuqalisa ukubhibhidla kwaye baphendule izandi ezikufutshane okanye amazwi aqhelekileyo.
- Kwiinyanga ezili-12, umntwana wakho ulindeleke ukuba aphendule kwigama lakhe kwaye akwazi ukuqonda amagama alula njengokuthi "usale kakuhle" okanye "hayi."
Ukuba umntwana akabonisi le miqondiso, kubalulekile ukukhawuleza udibane nodokotela wabantwana okanye i-audiologist ukwenza iimvavanyo eziyimfuneko.
Unyango lokungeva kwabantwana
Uluhlu lonyango olukhoyo namhlanje lwe ukungeva kwabantwana Ibanzi kwaye ixhomekeke kakhulu kuhlobo kunye neqondo lokulahlekelwa kwindlebe.
Kwiimeko zokulahlekelwa kwindlebe ephakathi okanye ephakathi, ukulungiswa koncedo lokuva kusetyenziswa ngokubanzi. zixhobo zokuva. Ezi zixhobo zikhulisa izandi kwaye zivumela umntwana ukuba athathe uninzi lweempawu ze-acoustic ezijikelezileyo. Ukongezelela, izixhobo zokuva zesizukulwana esilandelayo zisebenzisa ubugcisa obuphucula ukucaca kwesandi, nto leyo eyenza intetho iqondwe lula, nakwiindawo ezinengxolo.
Kwiimeko ezinzima ngakumbi, apho ubuthulu bunzulu, ukusetyenziswa kwe Ukufakelwa kwe-cochlear Kucetyiswa kakhulu. Ezi zixhobo zombane, ezifakwe ngotyando, zivumela i-nerve yokuva ukuba ivuselelwe ngokuthe ngqo, igweme iindawo ezonakalisiweyo zendlebe yangaphakathi. Iziphumo ezinokufakelwa kwe-cochlear zihlala zithembisa kakhulu, ngakumbi ukuba zibekwe kwangoko ebomini.
Unyango lukwabandakanya ungenelelo unyango lokuthetha kwangoko. Oku kubalulekile ukuvuselela izakhono zolwimi nokuqinisekisa ukuba umntwana uphuhlisa unxibelelwano olwaneleyo. Ukungenelela kwiinkalo ezininzi, ezibandakanya oogqirha babantwana, i-otorhinolaryngologists, iingcali zentetho kunye neengqondo zengqondo, zingundoqo kunyango oluyimpumelelo kunye nophuhliso olufanelekileyo lomntwana.
Ukuthintelwa kokungeva kwabantwana
Nangona ezinye izizathu zokungeva zingenakuthintelwa, kukho amanyathelo anokuthi athathwe ukunciphisa umngcipheko. Phakathi kwabo, uthintelo losulelo ngexesha lokukhulelwa luvelele (umzekelo, ukugonywa kwi-rubella ngaphambi kokukhulelwa), ukuphepha iziyobisi ze-ototoxic, kunye nokuhlolwa okupheleleyo ngexesha lokubeleka ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokubandezeleka komntwana. Ukongezelela, kubalulekile ukuphatha ngokufanelekileyo i-otitis kunye nokusuleleka kweendlebe kubantwana ukukhusela iingxaki zokuva.
Ukwaziswa ngeempawu zokungeva kakuhle kunye nokuthatha amanyathelo kwangethuba ngamanyathelo ayimfuneko okuqinisekisa impilo-ntle yabantwana kunye nophuhliso lwabo lonke.
La ubuthulu ebuntwaneniNangona inokuba nempembelelo enkulu ekukhuleni komntwana, iyanyangeka ukuba ifunyenwe kwaye ilawulwe kwangoko. Ngenxa yenkqubela kubugcisa namayeza, abantwana banokuyoyisa imiqobo yokungeva kakuhle baze baphile ubomi obuzeleyo nobunemveliso.