Ukuba uceba ukukhulelwa, sicebisa ukuba ulandele amanyathelo athile ukuze ukuququzelela ukufika kokukhulelwa, enokunceda i iingozi kuwe nakumntwana ziyancipha. Nandipha impilo entle ngaphambili ukwenza isigqibo sokukhulelwa phantse kubaluleke njengokugcina umzimba wakho usempilweni ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
Las iiveki zokuqala zibalulekile ekukhuleni komntwana. Nangona kunjalo, abaninzi abafazi abaqapheli ukuba bakhulelwe kude kube ziiveki ezimbalwa emva kokukhulelwa. Ceba kwangaphambili kwaye ukuzinyamekela phambi kokuba ukhulelwe yeyona nto ilungileyo onokuzenzela yona nosana lwakho.
Uviwo lwangaphambi kokukhulelwa: oko kubandakanya kwaye kutheni kubalulekile
Elinye lawona manyathelo abalulekileyo ekulungiseleleni ukukhulelwa okunempilo a ukuhlolwa kwangaphambi kokukhulelwa ukuba ugqirha wakho uya kwenza ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe. Olu viwo lunokubandakanya konke okanye inxalenye yoku kulandelayo:
- Imbali yonyango yosapho -uvavanyo lwembali yoomama nootata ukufumanisa ukuba ingaba likho na ilungu losapho elinengxaki yezonyango, njengoxinzelelo lwegazi, isifo seswekile, kunye / okanye nokudodobala kwengqondo.
- Uvavanyo lwemfuzo -uvavanyo lwayo nayiphi na imeko yokuphazamiseka kwemfuza, kuba ukuphazamiseka kwemfuza okuninzi kunokubangelwa lilifa, umzekelo I-sickle cell anemia (sisifo esibi esichaphazela kakhulu ama-Afrika aseMelika) okanye UTay-Sachs (Ukwahlukana kokuphazamiseka kwemithambo ephawulwe kukudodobala kwengqondo kunye nomzimba, kubonwa ikakhulu kubantu abanemvelaphi yamaJuda abavela eMpuma Yurophu). Ezinye iingxaki zemfuza zinokufunyanwa kuvavanyo lwegazi ngaphambi kokukhulelwa.
- Imbali yonyango lomntu: Ukuvavanywa kwembali yonyango lomntu wasetyhini ukufumanisa ukuba ngaba kukho oku kulandelayo:
- Iimeko zonyango ezifuna ukhathalelo olukhethekileyo ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ezinje ngokuxhuzula, isifo seswekile, uxinzelelo lwegazi, i-anemia, kunye / okanye i-allergies.
- Utyando lwangaphambili.
- Ukukhulelwa kwangaphambili.
- Ugonyo -ukuvavanywa kogonyo / ukugonyelwa okufunyenweyo kuvavanya ukungakhuseleki kwi-rubella, ngakumbi, ukusuleleka kwesi sifo ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunokukhokelela ekuphumleni kwesisu okanye kwiziphene zokuzalwa komntwana. Ukuba owasetyhini akasigonyi esi sifo, isitofu sokugonya esihambelanayo sinokunikwa ubuncinci iinyanga ezintathu ngaphambi kokukhulelwa.
- Ulawulo losulelo -ukufumanisa ukuba ngaba umfazi unesifo esosulela ngokwabelana ngesondo okanye usulelo lomchamo (okanye olunye usulelo) olunokuba yingozi kwimveku nakunina.
Ukongeza, kolu tyelelo kuyacetyiswa ukuba uphonononge eminye imiba ekhulisa ukukhawula: i-inshurensi yezempilo ngexesha lokukhulelwa, uphononongo lweyeza ezingapheliyo (amanye amachiza afuna ukulungiswa okanye ukutshintshwa), uhlolo lwe impilo yomlomo (izifo ze-periodontal zihambelana nokuzalwa kwangaphambi kwexesha), imo yogonyo eyandisiweyo (inkukhu, i-hepatitis B, i-tetanus-diphtheria-pertussis) kunye ukuhlolwa ye-HIV, i-hepatitis C kunye negcushuwa ngokwemiba yomngcipheko. Ukuhlolwa okufutshane impilo yengqondo kunye nenkxaso yeemvakalelo ivumela iimfuno ezilindelekileyo zenkxaso ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
Izithuba zokukhulelwa kunye nexesha
Ukukhetha ixesha lokufuna ukukhulelwa yinxalenye ye Ucwangciso-ntsaphoUkuba awufuni ukukhulelwa okwangoku, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uchaze a indlela yocwangciso eyaneleyo kwimeko yakho. Ukuba ugqibe ekubeni uyikhangele, i mzuzu Ikwachaphazela impilo kamama kunye neyomntwana osanda kuzalwa.
Un ixesha elifutshane (ukuqala ukukhulelwa kwisithuba seenyanga ezintandathu zokuzalwa esaphila) inxulunyaniswa nokuba nokwenzeka okuphezulu ukuhanjiswa kwangaphambi kwexesha, ubunzima bokuzalwa obuphantsi kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo ukuphazamiseka kokuzalwaukongeza kwi ianemia kamama. Nangona i-causality ayisoloko icacile, umzimba usenokuba awuzange ugcwalise oovimba bawo folate kunye nentsimbi emva kokukhulelwa kunye nokuncancisa.
Xa kusenzeka ixesha elininzi phakathi kokukhulelwa, ezinye iingozi nazo zanda, ezifana preeclampsia okanye unikezelo olunzima ngakumbiEnye ingqikelelo iphakamisa ukuba iziphumo eziluncedo zokukhulelwa kwangaphambili kwi-uterus kunye ne-placenta zingancitshiswa ngokuhamba kweminyaka.
Kubantu abaninzi, ngokuqhelekileyo kuyacetyiswa ukuba ulinde phakathi Iinyanga ezi-18 kunye ezi-24 emva kokuzalwa esaphila kwaye ngaphantsi kweminyaka emihlanu ukunciphisa imingcipheko. Nangona kunjalo, ixesha elifanelekileyo linokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwi ubudala bomama, imvelaphi ye ukuhanjiswa kwangaphambi kwexesha o preeclampsia, icandelo lotyando lwangaphambili okanye ukuba kubhengezwe Ukuncedisa ukuvelisa kwakhona. Emva kwe-a ukuphatha kakubi Kwangethuba, ukuba usempilweni kwaye uziva ulungile, akusoloko kuyimfuneko ukulinda ixesha elide; cela iingcebiso ezenzelwe wena.
Imikhwa nothintelo: amanyathelo enza umahluko
amanyathelo angundoqo oko kunokunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko weengxaki kunye negalelo ekulungiseleleni ukukhulelwa okunempilo kunye nokunikezelwa kubandakanya oku kulandelayo:
- Yeka ukutshaya: Ukuba uyatshaya, yeka ukutshaya ngoku. Uphando lubonakalisile ukuba iintsana ezinomama abatshayayo zithande ukuba nomzimba omncinci xa zizalwa. Ukongeza, ukubhencwa kumsi okhutshwe ngumntu otshayayo kunokuba neziphumo ezibi kwimveku engekazalwa.
- Ukutya okufanelekileyo: Ukutya ukutya okunezandi ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe kwaye ngexesha lokukhulelwa akulunganga kuphela kwimpilo kamama iyonke, kodwa kubalulekile ekondleni umbungu.
- Poko kwanele kunye nokuzilolonga: Kubalulekile ukuba uzilolonge rhoqo kwaye ugcine ubunzima obufanelekileyo ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe naxa ukhulelwe. Abasetyhini abatyebe kakhulu banokuba neengxaki zonyango ezinje ngoxinzelelo oluphezulu lwegazi kunye neswekile. Abasetyhini abatyebe kancinci banokuba neentsana ezinesisindo esiphantsi.
- Ulawulo lwezonyango (Ukusuka kwiimeko esele zikho): Lawula naziphi na iingxaki ezikhoyo okanye esele zikhona zonyango, ezinjengesifo seswekile okanye uxinzelelo lwegazi.
- Ukuthintela iziphene zokuzalwa: Thatha ii-micrograms ezingama-400 (0,4 mg) ze-folic acid ngosuku, isondlo esifumaneka kwimifuno enamagqabi, amandongomane, iimbotyi, iziqhamo zesitrasi, ukutya okuziinkozo kwasekuseni, kunye nezinye izongezo zeevithamini. I-Folic acid inokunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokukhubazeka kokuzalwa kwingqondo nakwintambo yomqolo (ekwabizwa ngokuba ziziphene zetyhubhu ye-neural).
- Kunqande ukusetyenziswa kotywala kunye neziyobisi ngexesha lokukhulelwaKwakhona, qiniseka ukuxelela ugqirha wakho nangaliphi na iyeza (iyeza okanye ikhawuntari) oyithathayo (zonke zinokuba neziphumo ezibi kwimveku esakhulayo).
- Ukubonakaliswa kwezinto eziyingozi: Abafazi abakhulelweyo kufuneka bakuphephe ukuvezwa kwityhefu nakwimichiza (umzekelo, ilothe kunye nokubulala izitshabalalisi) kunye nemitha (x-reyi). Ukubonakaliswa kumanqanaba aphezulu eentlobo ezithile zemitha kunye neekhemikhali ezithile ezinetyhefu kunokuchaphazela kakubi umntwana ongekazalwa.
- Ulawulo losulelo: Abafazi abakhulelweyo kufuneka bakuphephe ukutya inyama engaphekwanga kunye namaqanda aluhlaza. Ukongeza, kufuneka baphephe nakuphi na ukunxibelelana kunye nokuvezwa kwilindle lekati kunye neebhokisi zenkunkuma, kuba zinokuba ne-toxoplasma gondii parasite ebangela i-toxoplasmosis. Eminye imithombo yosulelo ibandakanya izinambuzane (umzekelo, iimpukane) ezithe zadibana nelindle lekati, ke ngoko kufuneka zithintelwe ngexa lokukhulelwa. I-Toxoplasmosis inokukhokelela kwisifo esibi okanye ukufa komntwana. Abafazi abakhulelweyo banakho ukunciphisa umngcipheko wosulelo ngokuphepha yonke imithombo yosulelo. Ngovavanyo lwegazi olwenziwe ngaphambi okanye ngexesha lokukhulelwa, kunokwenzeka ukumisela ukuba ngaba umntu obhinqileyo ubekhe wachaphazeleka kwi-parasite gondi.
- Ukutya imihla ngemihla iivithaminiQalisa ukuthatha ivithamini yokubeleka yonke imihla, echazwe ngugqirha wakho, ukuqinisekisa ukuba umzimba wakho ufumana zonke izakha mzimba kunye neevithamini ezifunekayo ukondla umntwana osempilweni.
- Udlama lasekhaya: Abasetyhini abaphethwe gadalala ngaphambi kokuba bakhulelwe banokuba semngciphekweni wokuphathwa gadalala ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Ugqirha wakho angakunceda ufumane izibonelelo zoluntu, ezentlalo kunye nezomthetho zokujongana nobundlobongela basekhaya.
Ngaphandle koku kungasentla, kufanelekile ukuqwalasela ezinye izilungiso ezinempembelelo eqinisekisiweyo: ukunciphisa i-caffeine (ngokufanelekileyo ngaphantsi kwe-200 mg / ngosuku), gwema umsi wesibini nowesithathu (iintsalela kwimpahla kunye nefenitshala), kwaye khangela amanqanaba i-iron kunye ne-vitamin D ukuba kukho imbali yokusilela. Ukuba usebenza evezwe kwi iikhemikhali okanye imitha, ucela uvavanyo lwemingcipheko yomsebenzi ngaphambi kokukhulelwa.
Ucwangciso-ntsapho oluphangaleleyo: uthintelo-kukhulelwa, ukuzala kunye nolondolozo
Ucwangciso-ntsapho luquka iindlela eziluncedo lawula ukudlala: ukwenza isigqibo ngexesha lokufumana abantwana, bangaphi, kwaye ngawaphi amaxesha. Ibandakanya ukufundisa ngesondo, uthintelo, kunye nonyango izifo ezosulela ngokwabelana ngesondo, ukucetyiswa kwangaphambili kunye nolawulo lokudlolo.
Ukuba awufuni ukukhulelwa okwangoku, kukho iindlela ezininzi ongakhetha kuzo iindlela zokuthintela ukukhulelwa:
- Iindlela zendalo
- ukuchongwa kwe iintsuku ezichumileyo kunye nokuphepha ukwabelana ngesondo kunye ne-ejaculation yangaphakathi ngelo xesha. Imizekelo: isingqisho/ikhalenda, umchamo wesibeleko (Billings), ubushushu be-basal.
- Iindlela zokuthintela
- Zithintela ukudibana kweqanda nedlozi; ezinye zikhusela ii-STIs. Imizekelo: ukubola, i-diaphragm, i-cap yomlomo wesibeleko, i-sponge ye-vaginal.
- Iindlela zehormonal
- Baphazamisa i-ovulation. Ziquka ipilisi, isiziba, iringi yelungu lobufazi, inaliti, ukufakelwa kwesikhumba esingaphantsi komhlaba kunye nocwangciso olungxamisekileyo.
- Iindlela ezisisigxina
- Izisombululo eziqinisekileyo ezifana ityhubhu yokubopha o vasectomy, iboniswe xa inzala sele igqibile.
Xa kukho ubunzima ekukhawuleni, unyango oluncedisiweyo lokuzala nikeza ezinye iindlela: Ukungenisa into, i-in vitro fertilization (IVF), umnikelo weqanda y ukuxilongwa kwangaphambili kofuzo kwiimeko ezikhethiweyo ukukhusela ukudluliselwa kwezifo okanye ukungaqhelekanga kwe-chromosomal.
Njengenxalenye yokucwangcisa, kuyanceda ukwazi yakho indawo yokugcina amaqanda: i ukubalwa kwe-antral follicle nge-ultrasound kunye ihomoni ye-anti-Müllerian (AMH) Ngokusebenzisa iimvavanyo zegazi, banikezela ngesikhokelo kwinani le-oocyte ekhoyo kunye nokunceda isigqibo sokuba ngaba kufanelekile gcina ukuchuma (i-ovocyte vitrification) xa umama uhlehlisiwe.
Ukutyelela kwangaphambili, ubudala kunye neempawu zokubonisana
Ukuba nigqibe ekubeni ngabazali, eyona nto ilungileyo yiya kwagqirha kwangaphambili ukuze uhlolwe umzimba kunye nokusombulula nayiphi na imibuzo malunga nokutya, imikhwa kunye nendlela yokuphila. Ukhathalelo lwangaphambili kufuneka ukuziqhelanisa nomfazi ngamnye kwaye ube nenkxaso yeqabane okanye usapho lwakho.
Ngokuphathelele ubudala, umzimba wesetyhini unamandla amakhulu okuzala kwizigaba ngaphambi kokuhla kwe-ovarian. Ukususela kwiminyaka ethile ukuya phambili, umngcipheko weengxaki ezifana uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nesifo seswekile sokukhulelwa, ukongeza kumathuba aphezulu okuba ukungaqheleki chromosomal kwiimbumba. Oku akuthethi ukuba awunakuba nomntwana osempilweni, kodwa kuthetha ukuba a iliso elisondeleyo ngoochwephesha abanamava ekukhuleni kunye nomngcipheko ophezulu wokubeleka.
Iingcebiso ezisebenzayo ngokubonisana kwakho kwangaphambili:
- Isicelo ukuhlaziywa kwe-ovarian reserve (i-AMH kunye ne-follicle count) ukuba ucinga ngokukuhlehlisa ukuzala okanye unembali yosapho yokuyeka ukuya exesheni kwangoko.
- Phawula kwi ukucwangcisa ixesha yokukhulelwa: iinjongo, inani labantwana abanqwenelekayo kunye nekhefu phakathi kokukhulelwa.
- Hlola amayeza kunye nezongezelelo (ugweme izinto ezingabalulekanga kwaye ulungelelanise njengoko kuyimfuneko).
- Isicwangciso Ucwangciso lwasemva kokubeleka kwindawo ngokukhuselekileyo.
Nangona kunjalo, ukusuka kwisibini ukuya kwi kwiveki yesibhozo Ixesha lokukhulelwa lixa umntwana esengozini: izitho zakhe - umzekelo, intliziyo - ziqala ukwenza. Ngoko ke, kungcono qala ukwenza ngokungathi ukhulelwe ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe.
Kutheni ufanele uye kwi-gynecologist ngaphambi kokukhulelwa?
Ukuba ugqibe ekubeni ube ngabazali, kungcono ukuya kugqirha kunyaka ngaphambili ukusuka ngexesha ufuna ukukhulelwa. Ngale ndlela, ugqirha wakho unokwenza uvavanyo lomzimba kwaye axoxe ngokutya kwakho, imikhwa, indlela yokuphila, kunye nayo nayiphi na inkxalabo onokuba nayo.
«Isibini esinempilo sinokuqwalasela ukukhulelwa nangaliphi na ixesha ngaphandle kweengxaki. Nangona kunjalo, ukutyelela ugqirha kwangaphambili kunokuncedisa ukucombulula amathandabuzo amaninzi ngamanye amaxesha avela kwiiveki zokuqala zokukhulelwa, xa kungabikho rhoqo ingcali yokunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokukhawuleza ukubonisana. Ngaphezu koko, ukuchongwa kunye nokubekw'esweni umngcipheko ngaphambi kokukhulelwa kunokwandisa iliso kunye neziphumo zikamama kunye nomntwana.
Ukhathalelo lwempilo lwangaphambili kufuneka lulungiselelwe umfazi ngamnye. Amadoda kunye namanye amalungu osapho abaluleke kakhulu xhasa kwaye ukhuthaze kwabasetyhini ekulungiseleleni ukukhulelwa kunye nokufezekisa injongo: ukuphucula impilo yabo ukuze umntwana wabo azalwe enempilo kwixesha elizayo.
Yiyiphi iminyaka efanelekileyo, ngokomgaqo, ukukhulelwa umntwana?
Elona xesha lebhayoloji lokukhulelwa kuxa owasetyhini ephakathi kweminyaka eyi-18 nama-24. amashumi amabini anesihlanu kunye iminyaka engamashumi amathathu anesihlanuUphononongo lubonisa ukuba amabhinqa akweli qela leminyaka akwimeko engcono yokukhulelwa okunempilo, ukubeleka, kunye nokubeleka. Emva kweminyaka engama-35 ubudala, izinga leengxaki liyanda. Ukuba usekupheleni kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu okanye ekuqaleni kweminyaka engamashumi amane, umngcipheko weengxaki kunye nezinye iziphene zokuzalwa ziphezulu, kodwa oku akuthethi ukuba awukwazi ukuba nomntwana ophilileyo.
Nangona iyeza liziqhelanise nokulibaziseka kokukhulelwa ngenxa yezizathu zentlalo, umama omdala, ngokuphindaphindiweyo. isifo seswekile kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi lokukhulelwa, kwaye kwandisa amathuba okuba Icandelo leKesareya. Ukongeza, ii-oocyte zibonakalisa izinga eliphezulu lokungaqhelekanga kwechromosomal ezifana Isifo esiPhantsiIindaba ezimnandi kukuba nge ulawulo olwaneleyo kunye nemikhwa enempilo, ukukhulelwa okuninzi kuqhubeka ngokuqhelekileyo.
Iingcebiso ukulungiselela ukukhulelwa
Ukuba uyatshaya okanye usebenzisa ezinye iintlobo zecuba, usela utywala, okanye usebenzisa iziyobisi, ufanele ayeke phambi kokukhulelwa. Ezi zinto zinoku:
- Yenza kube nzima ukukhulelwa.
- Yandisa amathuba okuphunyelwa sisisu (ukulahlekelwa ngumntwana phambi kokuzalwa).
Ukuba ufuna uncedo lokuyeka ukutshaya, utywala okanye iziyobisi, Thetha nomboneleli wakho.
Kwanakwimilinganiselo emincinane, utywala bunokubangela ingozi kwimveku ekhulayo (usana olungekazalwa). Ukusela utywala ngelixa ukhulelwe kunokubangela iingxaki zexesha elide kumntwana wakho, njenge ukukhubazeka kwengqondo, iingxaki zokuziphatha, iingxaki zokufunda, neziphene zobuso nezentliziyo.
Ukutshaya akulunganga kumntwana ongekazalwa kwaye kuyamfaka umntwana umngcipheko ophezulu yeengxaki zempilo kamva ebomini.
- Abasetyhini abatshayayo ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunokwenzeka ukuba babe neentsana ezinobunzima obuphantsi.
- Ukutshaya kwenza kube nzima ukuba uchache ekukhulelweni kwakho.
Amayeza angamiselwanga ngumboneleli (kubandakanywa neziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni) zinokuba yingozi ukuba uwathatha nangaliphi na ixesha ebomini bakho.
Kufuneka kwakhona unciphise i ikhafeine xa uzama ukukhulelwa. Abasetyhini abasela ngaphezulu kweekomityi ezimbini (500 mL) zekofu okanye iitoti ezintlanu (iilitha ezi-2) zesoda yonke imihla banokuba nobunzima bokukhulelwa kunye nethuba eliphezulu lokuphunyelwa sisisu.
Nciphisa i izongezo kunye namayeza Okungeyomfuneko. Ukuphonononga izongezo kunye namayeza, zombini ummiselo kunye ne-counter-the-counter, oyithatha kunye nomboneleli wakho ngaphambi kokuba uzame ukukhulelwa. Uninzi lwamayeza anemingcipheko ethile, kodwa uninzi lunemingcipheko engaziwayo kwaye ukhuseleko lwawo alukhange lufundwe kakuhle. Ukuba amayeza okanye izongezo aziyomfuneko ngokupheleleyo, musa ukuzisebenzisa.
Njengokuqinisa, zama ukulala Iiyure eziyi-7- 8, ziqhelise umthambo ofanelekileyo (ukuhamba, ukuqubha, i-yoga okanye i-pilates) kunye nokugcina ukutya okutyebileyo i-fiber, i-calcium, i-iron kunye ne-omega-3. Gqibezela i ishedyuli yokugonya Ukuba nayiphi na idosi ilahlekile kwaye igqithise ucoceko lokutya (ukuhlamba iziqhamo nemifuno, ukuphepha ukutya okukrwada) ukunciphisa usulelo.
Ukukhetha ixesha lokufumana umntwana sisigqibo sobuqu. Ngelixa uthatha isigqibo malunga nexesha, sebenzisa i indlela ethembekileyo yoqingqo-nzala. Kwaye khumbula: akukho xesha lifanelekileyo lomntu wonke; ukuqonda i imingcipheko kunye neenketho ikunceda wenze izigqibo ezizizo ekwandiseni usapho lwakho ngokukhuselekileyo.
