Kwiiveki ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo, ingxoxo yavela kumajelo eendaba malunga nesidingo gonya abasetyhini abakhulelweyo kwisifo sokuqaqamba kwesisuOku kungenxa yokuba kwiminyaka yakutshanje kuye kwakho ukuvela kwakhona kosulelo lwesi sifo kubemi, esichaphazelayo abantwana abangaphantsi kweenyanga ezi-2neminyaka leyo abafumana ngayo idosi yabo yokuqala yesitofu sokugonya, ngoko ke ezi mveku zisanda kuzalwa zisenjalo Abanazikhuselo zaneleyoUkuba babevezwe kwiibhaktheriya ezibangela isifo, banokusuleleka kwaye baphuhlise i-pertussis, enokuba yimeko enzima kakhulu. Oku kudale okubalulekileyo ialam kunye nezicelo zokugonywa ngabasetyhini abakhulelweyo ziye zanyuka, ngamanye amaxesha zibangela ukunqongophala kwesitofu sokugonya.
Yintoni ukukhohlela?
Ukhohlokhohlo lusulelo lwe iindlela zomoya phezulu, okubangelwa a intsholongwane (ikakhulu Bordetella pertussisSisifo esinokuthi sichaphazele abantu bayo nayiphi na iminyaka kwaye ibe kakhulu kakhulu kwiintsana, ngakumbi abo bancinci abangekaqalisi ishedyuli yokugonywa.
Xa umntu osulelekileyo ethimla okanye ekhohlela, akhupha amathontsi amancinane anentsholongwane. La mathontsi ahamba emoyeni kwaye isifo siyanwenwa. ukukhululeka okukhulu ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye. Izigulana ezinganyangwanga zingosulela iiveki ezininzi emva kokuqala kokukhohlela kwaye, ngokubanzi, ukosuleleka Iphezulu ekuqaleni kweempawu.
Uninzi lweentsana ezifumana umqala ziwufumana kubantu abazinikayo unakekele okanye undwendwele (umama, utata, abantakwenu, ootatomkhulu noomakhulu, okanye abakhathaleli), abathi maxa wambi bangazazi nokuba banesi sifo. Yiyo loo nto izicwangciso ziphuhliswa ukuze ukunciphisa usulelo ukusuka kwindawo ekufutshane nosana olusanda kuzalwa.
Iimpawu zokukhohlela
Iimpawu ze-pertussis zihlala zivela Iintsuku ezi-7 ukuya kwezi-10 emva kokuba umntu edibene nesifo, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kunokuthatha ukuya kuthi ga Iiveki ze6 ngaphambi kokuba babonakale.
Ekuqaleni, iimpawu zesi sifo ziyafana nezo ze okubandayo OkunyeUkuxinana kweempumlo, ukuvuza kweempumlo, ukuthimla, kunye nokukhohlela okanye umkhuhlane. Njengoko isifo siqhubela phambili, iimpawu zendabuko ze-pertussis zivela, ezi:
- Ukukhohlela kuyalingana, elandelwa sisandi esikhulu sokubetha umlozi njengoko bephefumla.
- Ukuqhaqha ngokukhohlela.
- Ukudinwa emva kokukhohlela kungena.
Isikhohlela esiqatha sihlala sihlala ezimbalwa iiveki ezimbini kwaye ukususela ngoko ukuya phambili, iyancipha kwi-frequency kunye nobukhulu, nangona i ukuchacha ngokupheleleyo Kungathatha iiveki ezininzi. Kwiintsana ezincinci kakhulu, ngaphezu kokukhwehlela, ezinye iimpawu zingabonakala. i-apnea iyanqumamaicyanosis (umbala oluhlaza) okanye ubunzima bokutyisa, obufuna uphononongo lwezonyango olukhawulezileyo.
Phakathi iingxaki Iingxaki ezinokuthi zenzeke ziquka inyumoniya, i-otitis media, ukungaphumeleli kokuphefumula, i-encephalopathy, kunye nokuxhuzula. Ukhohlokhohlo lunokubangela nokufa. ukufaNgoko ke, uthintelo kunye nokuxilongwa kwangoko kubalulekile.
Ukuxilongwa kunye neengcebiso
El Ukuchonga kwangoko Kubalulekile ukuqalisa unyango ngokukhawuleza. Ngokufanelekileyo, kufuneka iqale ngexesha lesigaba sokuqala sesigulo (isigaba apho kunokuthi kuphazameke ngokubanda okuqhelekileyo), njengoko oku kwenza kube lula ukunciphisa ukuqina kunye nobude beempawu. Okwangoku, ukuxilongwa kuxhomekeke kwiimvavanyo ezifana ne PCR Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa nge-nasopharyngeal swab, inkcubeko, okanye, kwizigaba kamva, i-serology. I-Pertussis iphathwa ngayo iintsholongwane (ngokuqhelekileyo i-macrolides), ekufuneka ihlale imiselwe ngugqirha wabantwana okanye ingcali yezempilo yereferensi.
Nje ukuba ukuxilongwa kwe-pertussis kuqinisekisiwe kunye nexesha lonyango, kuyacetyiswa ukuba:
- Khuthaza ukuphumla wosana.
- Ukugcina izindlu ayinazinto ezicaphukisayo (umsi, imichiza) ukuthintela uhlaselo lokukhohlela ukuba lwenzeke ngokulula.
- Nika umntwana izahlulo zokutya ezincitshisiweyo kwaye rhoqo, ukuthintela ukugabha, kwaye umkhuthaze ukuba sela ulwelo oluninzi ukuphepha ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni.
- Landela imiyalelo ye Ukwahlulwa kokuphefumla njengoko kucetyiswa yingcali (ingakumbi kwiiveki ezimbalwa zokuqala).
- Vavanya, ngokwemiqathango yezempilo, i i-antibiotic prophylaxis abahlala kunye nabafowunelwa abasondeleyo.
Eyokuqala Iinyanga ezi-3-4 zobomi Eli lixesha lomngcipheko omkhulu wokusweleka ukusuka umkhuhlane ohambayo, ngenxa yokuba kukho amathuba amakhulu okuphuhliswa kwesifo, ngakumbi kuba ithamo lokuqala lokugonya lilawulwa Iinyanga ezi-2 zobomiKwiintsana ezine-apnea, iimpawu zokuphefumla, i-cyanosis, ukungondleki kakuhle, okanye iimpawu zokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, ukulaliswa esibhedlele kunokuba yimfuneko.
Thintelo
Elona nyathelo lokuthintela ukuthintela ukukhwehlela kuku ugonyoUkugonywa kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo, ukuqala kwiveki ye-27 yokukhulelwa, kubonakalise ukuba yeyona ndlela isebenzayo khusela usana olusandul’ ukuzalwaNgenxa yokuba ukuhanjiswa kwe-antibodies (ukukhusela) kwi-fetus ngexesha lokukhulelwa, nge-placenta, kuya kuyikhusela kude kube yimilinganiselo yokuqala yesitofu sokugonya, elawulwa kwiinyanga ezi-2 kunye ne-4 ubudala. Ugonyo lwe-pertussis lu ngokuqinisekileyo kwaye inyamezeleke kakuhle ngabafazi abakhulelweyo.
Okwangoku, umthamo we dTpa (i-diphtheria, i-tetanus, kunye ne-low-antigen-load pertussis) nganye ukukhulelwa, ngokukhethekileyo phakathi kwe iiveki 27 kunye ne-36 (Ngokufanelekileyo phakathi kweeveki zama-28 kunye nama-32), ekubeni ukudlula kwezilwa-buhlungu kwi-placenta kukhulu ngeli xesha. Ukuba kukho umngcipheko wokunikezelwa kwangaphambi kwexesha, ingcali yezempilo inokuthi lungisa ixesha yokugonya ukwandisa ukhuseleko. Iimfuno zogonyo, ubuncinci, malunga neentsuku ezi-15 ukuphuhlisa amanqanaba okukhusela amajoni omzimba.
Ukudlulisa ukukhwehlela akuqinisekisi Ukhuseleko olusisigxinaNgoko ke, nabantu abanalo kufuneka bagonywe. Ngokufanayo, ukugqiba ishedyuli yokugonya ebuntwaneni okanye ukufumana i-booster shots ebudaleni akuqinisekisi amanqanaba afanelekileyo okuzikhusela. khusela usana olusandul’ ukuzalwaNgoko ke, ugonyo luyacetyiswa. ekukhulelweni ngakunyekungakhathaliseki ukuba idosi yokugqibela ye-tetanus okanye i-diphtheria yafunyanwa nini.
Ukongeza, kucetyiswa ukuba ugonyo lwendawo yenganeOko kukuthi, kubo bonke abantu abanonxibelelwano nosana (abazali, abantakwabo, ootatomkhulu noomakhulu ...), ukuze bakhuseleke bade bafumane iidosi zokuqala zokugonya. Iingcali ziyibiza ngokuba yi Icebo lendlwane (okanye i-cocooning) kwaye kuqikelelwa ukuba inokunciphisa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-70% iimeko ze-pertussis kwiintsana ezingaphantsi kweenyanga ezi-3 ubudala. Esi sicwangciso a umphelelisiAyithathi indawo yokugonywa kowesifazane okhulelweyo, nto leyo enika ukhuseleko oluthe ngqo kusana olusanda kuzalwa ukususela ekuzalweni.
Kutshanje, kuye kwenziwa utshintsho olukhulu kumanyathelo okuthintela esi sifo. Kumazwe awahlukahlukeneyo, oku kulandelayo kuye kwanconyelwa: ukugonywa kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo kwi-trimester yesithathu, ngenxa yokwanda kwamatyala kunye nobunzima babo kwiintsana ezincinci, kwaqatshelwa emva koko. ukuhla okubalulekileyo kwimeko ye-pertussis enzima kwiintsana ezingaphantsi kweenyanga ezi-3. Kwimeko yethu, ukugonywa ngexesha lokukhulelwa kuhlanganiswe kwi- iinkqubo zempilo Kwaye, ngokuthe ngcembe, imimandla eyahlukeneyo ibibandakanya lo mlinganiselo ngendlela ezinzileyo.
Ngokuphathelele kulawulo-ndawonye, ​​isitofu sokugonya se-dTpa sisitofu sokugonya yenziwe yangasebenzi (ayiqulathanga microorganisms eziphilayo) kwaye inokulawulwa kwangolo suku kunezinye izitofu ezicetyiswayo ngexesha lokukhulelwa, njenge umkhuhlanekwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ze-anatomical. Isenokulawulwa kwi iintsuku ezahlukeneyo ukuba uyakhethwa.
Ngaba abafazi abakhulelweyo kufuneka bagonyelwe i-pertussis (ukhohlokhohlo)?
Impendulo nguewe: ukugonywa ngexesha lokukhulelwa Eyona ndlela isebenzayo yokukhusela i-pertussis kukugonya. usana olusandul 'ukuzalwa kwiinyanga zokuqala zobomi, xa zingekafumani iidosi zeentsana. Ukulawula i-dTpa kwinxalenye yokugqibela yokukhulelwa kwandisa ukhuselo loomamaedlula kwi-placenta kwaye inike ukhuselo lokwenziwa kusana lude lufumane idosi yalo yokuqala malunga neminyaka yobudala iinyanga ezimbini.
Ukhohlokhohlo sisifo iyosulela kakhulu eqhubelekayo ukuzisa imijikelo yobhubhane rhoqo I-3-5 iminyakaKwaye ukukhuselwa kwizitofu zokugonya okanye usulelo oludlulileyo luyancipha ngokuhamba kwexesha. Yiyo loo nto ugonyo lukhuthazwa. kukukhulelwa okutsha ngakunyenokuba umama ugonywe ngokufanelekileyo okanye unesi sifo kwiminyaka eyadlulayo. Olu gonyo lukamama kufuneka lutolikwe njengo ukukhuselwa kabini: kumama kwaye, ngaphezu kwakho konke, kumntwana.
Isitofu esicetyiswayo sabasetyhini abakhulelweyo sisitofu sokugonya se-Tdap sokusetyenziswa abadalaekwakhusela kwidiphtheria kunye ne-tetanus. Ilawulwa ngo idosi enye, intramuscularly (ngokuqhelekileyo kwi deltoids yengalo). Ngokubanzi kunjalo ikhuselekile kakhuluIprofayili yayo yokusabela engathandekiyo idla ngokukhawulwa kukungakhululeki okuncinci kwendawo (intlungu, ubomvu, ukuvuvukala) kwiiyure zokuqala ze-48; ngamanye amaxesha, intloko ebuhlungu, ukungakhululeki, ukudinwa, okanye umkhuhlane wexeshana ophantsi unokwenzeka. Ezi zinokukhululeka ngokufaka... ingqele yendawo ngaphandle koxinzelelo kwaye, ukuba akukho contraindication, nge paracetamol ngokwemiyalelo ekwiphecana lepakethe okanye kwigcisa lezempilo.
Nini kwaye phi ukugonywa? Ukhuseleko, ukuhambelana, kunye nemibuzo eqhelekileyo
- Ixesha elilelona phakathi kweeveki 27 kunye ne36 yokukhulelwa, ngokukhethekileyo phakathi 28 kunye ne32Ukuba ukuhanjiswa kwangaphambi kwexesha kulindelwe, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kuqwalaselwe ulawulo ngaphambili ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba kwezilwa-buhlungu.
- Ukusebenza okwethutyana: Kuqikelelwa ukuba impendulo yomzimba yokuzikhusela iqala ukusebenza emva koko malunga neentsuku ezingama-15 lokugonya.
- Ukuhambelana: Inokulawulwa kunye nesitofu sokugonya umkhuhlane kutyelelo olufanayo (kwiingalo ezahlukeneyo) okanye ngemihla eyahlukileyo.
- Ukhuseleko: isitofu sokugonya yenziwe yangasebenziAyinayo intsholongwane ephilayo kwaye ayinakubangela usulelo. Iintshukumo ezimandundu (zokwaliwa) zi kunqabile kakhulu.
- Izichaso eziphambili: sele enikeziwe anaphylaxis kwidosi yangaphambili okanye inxalenye yesitofu sokugonya. Kwimeko ye-acute high fever, ngokuqhelekileyo ikhethwa rhoxisa ukugonywa kude kube lula.
- Indawo yokugonywa: ngokwesiqhelo kwi ikliniki (umbelekisi okanye umongikazi), kwi Esibhedlele ukuba kukho ukwamkelwa ngexesha lokukhulelwa, okanye kwizixhobo ze ugonyo lwabucala Ukuba kuyangena. Amalungiselelo athile anokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo.
- Imbali yokugonywa okanye ukugula: ufumene iidosi ebuntwaneni okanye ukuba ne-pertussis ayisusi isincomo sokugonya kukukhulelwa kwangoku.
Imilinganiselo eyongezelelweyo yokukhusela umntwana: indalo kunye nemikhwa yococeko
Abantu abahlala kunye nabanyamekela usana (umama, utata, abantakwe, ootatomkhulu nootatomkhulu, abakhathaleli) ngabona banako ngokuyintloko. hambisa ukhohlokhohlo ngenxa yokukhohlela kunye nokuthimla. Ukongeza kokugonywa kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo kunye ne indlwaneKubalulekile ukuqinisa iindlela zokucoceka ukudibana nosana olusanda kuzalwa:
- Vala umlomo neempumlo ngesihlunu esilahlwayo xa ukhohlela okanye uthimla.
- Beka i-tissue esetyenzisiweyo ngqo kwinkunkuma.
- Ukuba akukho thishu, khohlela okanye uthimla ngaphakathi ingqiniba okanye umphezulu wengalo, ungabi sezandleni.
- Ukuhlamba izandla ngesepha namanzi rhoqo (ubuncinci imizuzwana engama-20) okanye usebenzise isisombululo se-hydroalcoholic ukuba amanzi nesepha azikho.
- Yiphephe unxibelelwano olusondeleyo yosana olunabantu abagulayo, nokuba unina okanye usana lugonyiwe.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba umntwana osanda kuzalwa afumane into yabo idosi yokuqala ukusuka kwikhalenda yabantwana ukuya kwi iinyanga ezimbini ubudalakwaye uqhubeke needosi ze-booster ngokweshedyuli esekiweyo.
Ulwazi olukhoyo kunye namava aqokelelweyo abonisa ukuba indibaniselwano ye ugonyo lukamama kwikota yesithathu, ugonyo lokusingqongileyo kunye nemikhwa ye Ucoceko lokuphefumla Inciphisa kakhulu ingozi ye-pertussis enzima kwiinyanga ezimbalwa zokuqala. Ukuba unayo nayiphi na imibuzo malunga nesalathiso, ixesha elithile, okanye ukuhambelana nezinye izitofu okanye unyango, Iingcali zococeko inokuvavanya imeko yakho kwaye isombulule ngendlela eyeyakho.