Izicwangciso zeMontessori phakathi kweenyanga ze-12 kunye neminyaka eyi-3: umdlalo, indawo engqongileyo kunye nokuzimela

Ubudala obuphakathi kweenyanga ezili-12 kunye ne-3 iminyaka ngokungathandabuzekiyo lixesha lomlingo apho UMaria Montessori wayewabiza ngokuba ngamaxesha anobuzaza. Sikwelo thuba lophuhliso apho abantwana bethu baya kuba, ngaphezu kwako konke, abahloli abakhuluBafuna ukuchukumisa yonke into; Ihlabathi livuleka phambi kwabo ngewaka lezinto ezivuselelayo abalangazelela ukuba nazo kwaye baya kuzifikelela ngokolula izandla zabo: ukuhamba nokuthetha ekugqibeleni.

Sikweso sigaba apho unxibelelwano luqala uphuhliso lwalo nalapho thina, Siya kuba ngabayili bezakhiwo abathi, imihla ngemihla, kufuneka bakhuthaze ukukhula kwayo, ukwanda kwayo, kunye nokuqonda kwayo okusingqongileyo.Lixesha elimangalisayo kubomi bomntwana wakho, kwaye ku "Mama namhlanje" sifuna ukukunika izikhokelo ezisekwe kwi izicwangciso ukuba Montessori usishiyile. Ngokuqinisekileyo baya kuba luncedo kuwe.

Iindlela zeMontessori: ukufunda ngokudlala

Ngoku sikuloo minyaka apho abantwana bachitha ixesha elincinane belele. Amehlo abo avuleleka kwihlabathi elibangqongileyo kwaye Yonke imihla bayasothusa ngelizwi elitsha.ngebinzana elingalindelekanga kunye nenyathelo elingaphaya kwaloo mida apho, ngokukhawuleza, yonke into ifikeleleke kuye.

Unyana wakho uba ngumhloli olungileyo Kwaye kufuneka ubonise ihlabathi kuye, uqinisekise ukhuseleko lwakhe, kodwa ukhuthaze ukufunda kwakhe kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Yaye sinokukuphumeza njani oku? Ngomdlalo onenjongo, eqondwa njengendlela yendalo yokuhlola, ukugxila kunye nokufumanisa.

Ngoku, Ayikokumshiya kwigumbi lakhe lokudlala elijikelezwe ziityhubhu ezinemibala kuphela kunye noonodoli. Ngale ndlela, sinciphisa uninzi lwezivuseleli zendalo esinokuzinika zona ekhaya nangaphandle. Umdlalo ocetywayo kaMontessori oqhagamshelwe kubomi bokwenyani, kunye nezixhobo ezilula kunye nesikhokelo esimamelayo sabadala esijongayo kwaye sikhaphe.

• UMaria Montessori ubeke ukubaluleka okukhulu kumdlalo njengesicwangciso sokufunda kunye imathiriyeli eyiliweyo kunye nefanitshala (ephantsi, efikelelekayo, ecocekileyo) ukukhuthaza ukuzimela.
• Sinokukwenza ngokwethu, ekhaya: ingcamango ukukhuthaza uvuselelo olukhuselekileyo lweemvakalelo okunokwenzeka, kunye nokwakheka, iintsimbi, amaqondo obushushu, izandi namavumba.
• Ukudlala kukuhlola. Ngayo sikhuthaza oko kubizwa ngokuba "yi-synapse pruning"ukugqwesa ubuchopho kunye nokuphucula iinkqubo ezisisiseko zokuqonda ezifana ingqwalasela, inkumbulo yokusebenza, kunye nokusombulula iingxaki.
• Ngokudlala abantwana Balingelo ngemeko-bume yabo ngokukhuselekileyo.Bafunda iindlela ezintsha zokuziphatha, basombulule imingeni, kwaye baziqhelanise nokutshintsha kweemeko.
• Izicwangciso zokudlala zeMontessori zisekelwe dala iimeko ezifana nelizwe lokwenyaniNgale ndlela sinxibelelanisa umntwana nendawo ahlala kuyo size sikhuthaze ukhuseleko, ubuhlobo kunye nokuzithemba.
• Kufuneka sibe ngabathathi-nxaxheba kumdlalo, kwaye Njengoko ekhula, kuyimfuneko ukuhlalisana ukumvumela ukuba adlale nabanye abantwana, nokuba baneminyaka eyahlukahlukeneyo ubudala.

Kweli nqanaba, igama elithi "walker" lisoloko lisetyenziselwa ukubhekisela kumntwana oqala ukuhamba ngokuzimela. Imfuno yabo ephambili kukuhamba kakuhle, ukwandisa ulwimi, kunye nokucokisa izakhono zemotoKukwakho umdla okhethekileyo kwi phatha izinto ezincinci (esoloko ebekwe esweni kwaye eqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabo ukuze aphephe ukukrwitshwa), mamela kwaye ubukele ngononophelo, phinda izinto ezilula kwaye "zenzele ngokwakho".

• Izinto zokudlala ezingakhiwanga (iibhola, oonodoli be-rag, iimoto ezilula, iibhloko zokhuniezivumela ukusetyenziswa okuninzi kwaye musa ukuvala inyathelo labo. Ukujikelezisa izixhobo ngamaxesha athile kubagcina benomdla.
• Iiphazili ezilula ezinamaqhina ukusebenza kwi-pincer grasp kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwesandla neliso. Ukuba uhlengahlengisa iipuzzle ngaphandle kwamaqhina, qiniseka ukuba naziphi na izinto ezongeziweyo ikhuselekile ngokupheleleyo kwaye izinzile ukuphepha iingozi.
• Ingobozi yebhola yokwakheka kunye nobukhulu obahlukeneyo bokuphononongwa, ukucudiswa, ukujula okanye ukujula.
• Iinqaba zee-cubes ezi-3-5 okanye izikhongozeli ezipakishwayo (zinokuba neTupperware engenanto) ukuziqhelanisa nokupakisha kunye nokulinganisa.
• imidlalo yamaphepha: uwaqhekeze amaqhekeza, uwadlulisele ukusuka kwenye ingobozi ukuya kwenye;
• Khulula kwaye ugcwaliseIbhokisi okanye isikhongozeli esinezinto ezinkulu, ezikhuselekileyo zokufakwa kunye nokukhupha, ngokunjalo Slots uhlobo lwebhanki yehagu yokufaka iziqwenga ezicaba kunye nezikhudlwana.

Fumanisa umhlaba ngeemeko zokwenyani

Akufunekanga sithintele abantwana bethu kuphela kwimekobume yegumbi labo lokulala.Nangona kule minyaka zisabonakala ngathi "ziintsana" kuthi, ukukhula kwazo kuyamangalisa. Ngoko ke kufuneka vuselela kunye neemeko zobomi bokwenyani, ukubasondeza kumava amatsha kwaye babe ngabakhokeli bemihla ngemihla kuwo onke amanyathelo nakwigama ngalinye.

Siyazi ukuba akusoloko kulula ukufumana imathiriyeli ethile, kodwa izakhiwo ezikhuselekileyo zikhona ezisinceda sidibanise umntwana kubomi bemihla ngemihla. EMontessori, ezi zilandelayo zisetyenziswa rhoqo: inqaba yokufundaIsiseko esizinzile esivumela umntwana ukuba athathe inxaxheba ngokukhuselekileyo ekhitshini okanye kwindawo yokuhlambela ekuphakameni okufanayo njengomntu omdala. Banokuma okanye bahlale phezu kwayo. Injongo iya kuba koku kulandelayo:

• Menze athathe inxaxheba kwimisebenzi yasekhayaEkhitshini, bavumele ukuba bachukumise imifuno, baphathe isonka, basebenzise i-silicone molds, okanye umgubo wokuxova. Iiresiphi ezilula kakhulu imisebenzi efana nokuxuba iyogathi kunye neziqhamo okanye ukuhlamba i-lettuce amagqabi ngamava atyebileyo kulwimi, ukuqonda, kunye nokulungelelanisa.
• Uxanduva lwasekhaya oluqhubela phambili: babeke izinto zokudlala, babeke iimpahla zabo engobozini, thatha ipleyiti yakho uye etafileni, sula itafile, uphose amaphepha kumgqomo wokurisayikilisha.
• Indawo encinci yendaloIzityalo ekufuneka uzikhathalele, imbewu yeembotyi ukujonga ukuntshula, ukuphinda umhlaba, okanye ukunkcenkceshela ngejagi encinci. Ezi zenzo ziyakhuthaza umonde kunye nokuqaphela.
• Izinto zokudlala kunye nezixhobo iincwadana kunye nomdlalo wemiqondiso ezikhuthaza ulungelelwaniso lwezandla kunye nentelekelelo edityaniswe kubomi bokwenyani (amakhitshi okudlala alula, izixhobo zokucoca ezilingana nomntwana, iingobozi zelaphu).
• Ukulinganisa okunenjongoNikeza ibrashi, ipani yothuli, imophu encinci, okanye isipontshi ukuze basebenzise xa kukho ukuchitheka, ukuqonda ukuba ukudlala kuyabanceda. hlanganisa imigangatho yokhathalelo kwendalo.

Ukulungiselela indawo, iMontessori iphakamisa a icocekile, intle kwaye iyafikeleleka:

• Ukhuseleko kunye nokufikelelekaIfenitshala ephantsi, iikona ezikhuselweyo, iziseko ezigqunyiweyo, iishelufu ezivulekileyo ekuphakameni kwazo kunye ngaphandle kwemiqobo yokuhamba.
• Sula ucwangcoInto nganye inendawo yayo kwitreyi okanye kwibhaskithi. Ngaphantsi kuninzi ukumema abantu kwindibano.
• Izinto zendalo kunye ne-aesthetic ezolile: umthi, isinyithi, ilaphu, imicu yendalo, enemibala ethambileyo kunye nokukhanya okufudumeleyo.
• Ukujikeleza kwezinto: tshintsha izindululo ngamaxesha athile ukuvuselela umdla ngaphandle kokuhlutha.
• Isipili somgangatho womgangatho ukuphuhlisa ukuqonda komzimba kunye nokuqwalaselwa kweentshukumo.
• Ibhedi ephantsi ukukhuthaza ukuzimela ekuphumleni kunye nesiqalo / ukuphela kokulala kunye nenkululeko yokuhamba.

Sikhuthaza ulwimi lwakho ngokuzolileyo, ngaphandle koxinzelelo

Siyazi ukuba kule minyaka sixhalabile malunga nabo baqala ukuthetha kunye nokuseka ulwimi ngokukhawuleza nangempumelelo. Nangona kunjalo, umntwana ngamnye ukhula ngesantya sakheYaye ixhala okanye ingcinezelo ayingomaqabane alungileyo. Eyona ndlela ilungileyo kukunikezela ulwimi olutyebileyo, olucacileyo nolunothando kwiimeko zangempela, ngaphandle kokunyanzelisa.

• Ulwimi lolona phawu lubalaseleyo ebantwini, kwaye Siza kuba yireferensi yakho yemihla ngemihla..
• Thetha naye uzolile kunye nokuchaza okwenzekayo: xa uthenga, ekhitshini, esitratweni, okanye egadini. Balisa amagama anezenzo kunye neemvakalelo.
• Iincwadi ezifanelekileyoYenziwe ngekhadibhodi, ilaphu, okanye ngeeflaphu kunye nokwenziwa okuvusa umdla. Xela izinto, amanqaku kwaye ulinde impendulo yabo (jonga, izijekulo, ukuthintitha).
• Isandi sovakalelo kunye nomdlalo wesigama: amalaphu anokwakheka okwahlukileyo, iibhotile zesandi, ezinxulumeneyo izandi zezilwanyana ngemifanekiso, ivumba leziqholo ezithambileyo; incasa iincasa ezine ezisisiseko kwiibhotile ezincinci (eziswiti, ezinetyuwa, ezimuncu nezikrakrayo) zisoloko ziphantsi kweliso.
• Ubabalo kunye nembeko Kwinguqulelo yomntwana: ukubulisa, ukuvalelisa, ukulinda ithuba labo, besithi "nceda" kwaye "enkosi" njengemodeli, ngaphandle kokumisela, ukudibanisa kubomi bemihla ngemihla.

Uphuhliso lwePsychomotor ngelixa kufunyanwa umhlaba

Ikhaya lethu linokuba yindawo entle yokufumanisa izinto kwaye, emva koko, sikhule kwaye siphuhlise izakhono ze-psychomotor ngokugqibeleleyo. Sinokulukhuthaza njani uphuhliso lwabo lwe-psychomotor? ngelixa bekhuthaza ukuzimela nokuzimela kwabo?

UMaria Montessori Wasicebisa oku kulandelayo:

Indawo evuselelayo nelawulwayo

Sifuna ukukhuthaza izakhono zabo zemoto, kwaye oku kubaluleke kakhulu ukuphucula ulungelelwaniso lwesandla (pincer grap)Ulungelelwaniso, kunye namandla okumangala kunye nomdla. Ungalibazisi ukwenza izinto ezintsha mihla le.

• Ekhitshini, udluliselo ngamanzi kwi-tray, ukusuka kwi-jug encinci ukuya kwiglasi; okanye ngeecereals ezinkulu/zomileyo ukuba ujonge ukunciphisa ubumdaka.
• Ukuba sisekhitshini, nikela ii-ertyisi eziphekiweyo okanye ii-chickpeas ukuwahambisa ukusuka kwesinye isitya ukuya kwesinye ngeminwe yakho, okanye uwabeke ekomityini nganye nganye.
• Makabe nguye oyenzayo tyala imbewu embizeni kunye namanzi ngejagi encinci.
• Indawo iincwadi kunye nezixhobo kwinqanaba labo, kwiishelufu eziphantsi, ukugcina umyalelo olula kunye obonakalayo.
• Imiphezulu yeemilo ezahlukeneyo kunye nokuthungwaAmaplanga, umhlaba, isanti, amatye agudileyo, amalaphu, isinyithi, ukutya (ngokugadwa). Ezi zantlukwano zityebisa inkqubo yeemvakalelo.

Kwakhona, unokubandakanya imisebenzi yemoto eyakhiwe kakuhle eziphendula kumdla wazo wokuphinda kunye nokulawula izijekulo:

• Fine kwaye ubeke: iisilinda, iihoops okanye ii cubes ezinkulu; 1-3 iiphazili ezinamaqhina.
• Khulula kwaye ugcwalise: iibhokisi ezinezinto ezinkulu, ezikhuselekileyo; iingxowa ezineziphu ezinde zokuvula nokuvala lula; iibhanki piggy kunye slot ebanzi ukufaka iithebhu ezinkulu.
• Umdlalo wephepha: krazula, ushwabene kwaye uhlele ngokweengobozi ezahlukeneyo.
• Ibhokisi yemali esisigxina: faka ibhola kwibhokisi ene-slot kwaye uyibukele kwakhona; isebenza ngolungelelwaniso kunye noluvo lokuzingisa kwento.

Ngokuphathelele Ukuhamba gwenxaInika amathuba okuhamba ngokukhululekileyo nangokukhuselekileyo:

• Ukukhwela, isithuthuthu okanye i-tricycle ngaphandle kweepedals, ngokukhula kwabo, ukuqinisa imilenze kunye nokulinganisela.
• Iisekethe emgangathweni (i-adhesive tape okanye iintambo) ukuhamba ecaleni "kwengoma", ukugoba nokuma, ukudlula kwiitonela zekhadibhodi.
• Ukukhangela ubuthebi kunye nezinto eziqhelekileyo ezifihliweyo kwindawo ephantsi; ukuba kukho abantakwenu, bacele ukuba bancede.
• Indawo ekhuselekileyo yokukhwela kunye nokukhwela ngeemethi kunye nefenitshala ezinzileyo yobukhulu bazo; ukunyuka nokuhla okulawulwayo.
• Tyhala kwaye uphathe: i-doll stroller, inqwelo yokuthenga elula okanye i-trolley encinci yokuthwala izinto ukusuka kwenye indawo ukuya kwenye.

Kwakhona, khumbula ukuba mntwana ngamnye unesingqisho sakhe Kwaye ngumsebenzi wethu njengabantu abadala ukuwuhlonipha. Sukuba nexhala lokuba bafike kwiinyanga ezili-16 kwaye abakafikiNgokwendlela yeMontessori, kuhlale kukulungele ukuhlonipha isantya sabo kwaye bavumele ukuba bakhule ngokukhululekile.

Akuyimfuneko ukuthenga i-playpen okanye i-classic "into yokudlala". Yiyeke ihambe ngokukhululeka nangokukhuselekileyoukubavumela ukuba baphonononge, beme ngeenyawo xa befuna, bekhasa, okanye barhubuluza. Kule minyaka, bangabahloli bendalo, kwaye ezi zihlandlo zemihla ngemihla, kwinkululeko kunye naphantsi kolawulo, zivumela ukuba ... khula imvisiswano.

Ubomi obusebenzayo kunye nokuzimela: "Ndinokwenza konke ngokwam" ngaphandle kokudideka

Malunga nonyaka wesibini, umnqweno woku ukwenza izinto ngokwakhoKungundoqo ukunika amathuba alungelelaniswe nezakhono zabo kunye nokubonelela ngenkxaso ezolileyo ukuthintela ukuxinezeleka ngokweemvakalelo. Eminye imibono:

• Unikezelo lwamandla oluzimeleyo: i-cutlery elungelelanisiweyo, iglasi encinci evulekileyo, galela amanzi kwijagi encinci kwiglasi yabo, beka kwaye ususe ipleyiti yabo etafileni.
• Impahla kunye nokunyamekela komntu inkqubela phambili: zama ukufaka umnqwazi, uvale uziphu ende, ukhethe phakathi kweengubo ezimbini, ukuhlamba izandla ngesitulo esizinzile.
• Ukucoca ngokwenene: sula ngesipontshi ukuba amanzi achitheka, tshayela ngomtshayelo omncinci, sebenzisa i-dustpan yomntwana, womise ngelaphu.
• Hlela kwaye ulandelelaniseUkuthelekisa iikawusi, ukubeka iibhloko ngombala, ukuthwala izinto ukusuka kwelinye igumbi ukuya kwelinye. Siyaqinisa ukuzithemba nokuziva ungowabanye.

Indima yomntu omdala: ukujonga, ukulungiselela kunye nokukhapha

Ukungenelela kwabantu abadala eMontessori kusekelwe jonga ngaphandle kokuphazamisaLungisa imeko-bume kwaye unikele uncedo kuphela xa lufuneka. Ezinye izikhokelo:

• ukuqwalaselwa okusebenzayoNgaphambi kokungenelela, jonga oko umntwana azama ukukufeza. Lungisa umbandela okanye ucelomngeni ukuba ubabona bedimazeka.
• Iinkqubo eziqikelelwayoIsingqisho semihla ngemihla esizinzileyo (ukutya, ukudlala, ukuphumla) sibonelela ukukhuseleka ngokweemvakalelo kunye nesimo esingcono sokugxila.
• Imida ecacileyo nenobubeleInkululeko ngaphakathi kwesakhelo. "Ungagalela amanzi kule tray"; "Iibhloko zisetyenziswa phantsi."
• Ukujikeleza okuqaphelaSusa into ongayisebenzisiyo kwaye wazise into entsha enxibelelana nezinto onomdla kuzo, unqanda ukugcwala.

bazofika emva kwexesha ezinye iimbopheleleko, phakathi kweminyaka emi-3 ukuya kwe-6 la maxesha abuthathaka ayaqhubeka Kwaye ukusuka apha sikukhuthaza ukuba ufunde malunga nabo kumbono weMontessori.

Njengomqukumbelo osebenzayo, khumbula oko okusingqongileyo okulungisiweyo, umdlalo onentsingiselo kunye nobomi obuphathekayo Benza unxantathu oxhasa eli nqanaba. Xa umntwana ethatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi yokwenyani, ephonononga izinto ezivulekileyo, kwaye ehamba ngokukhululekileyo kwindawo ekhuselekileyo, Ulwimi lwabo luya lutyeba ngakumbi, izakhono zabo zentshukumo ziyaphuculwa, kwaye ukuzimela kwabo kuyakhula.Kwaye konke oku kwenzeka ngokuzolileyo ukuba siyikhapha ngokuqwalasela kunye nentlonipho ngexesha layo.